During a stroll through a local bookstore, I ran across this book on the history of "the library" appropriately called The Library: A Fragile History by Andrew Pettegree and Arthur der Weduwen.
This episode of "Travels Through Time", a history podcast, spoke with the authors and delved a little deeper into library history.
"Of all the accomplishments of human civilisation, the creation of libraries, making the preservation and transmission of knowledge possible, is surely the greatest. In this episode the academics Andrew Pettegree and Arthur der Weduwen take us back to 1850, a pivotal moment in the history of public libraries."